Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
It is not permissible for a Muslim to keep a dog, unless he needs this
dog for hunting, guarding livestock or guarding crops.
Al-Bukhaari (2145) narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased
with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) said: "Whoever keeps a dog, a qiraat from his good deeds
will be deducted every day, except a dog for farming or herding
livestock."
Muslim (2978) narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with
him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: "Whoever keeps a dog that is not a dog for hunting,
herding livestock or farming, two qiraats will be deducted from his
reward each day."
Muslim (2943) narrated from 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be
pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever keeps a dog, except a dog for
herding livestock or a dog for hunting, a qiraat will be deducted from
his good deeds each day." 'Abd-Allaah said: Abu Hurayrah said: Or a
dog for farming.
Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: This hadeeth shows that it is permissible to
keep a dog for hunting and herding livestock, and also for farming.
Ibn Maajah (3640) narrated from 'Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be
pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: "The angels do not enter a house in which there is a
dog or an image." Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani inSaheeh Ibn Maajah.
These ahaadeeth indicate that it is haraam to keep a dog, except for
those which were exempted by the Messenger (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him).
The scholars differed as to how to reconcile between the reports
which speak of one qiraat being deducted and those which speak of two
qiraats being deducted.
It was said that two qiraats will be deducted if the dog is more
harmful and one qiraat will be deducted if it is less so.
And it was said that that at first the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said that one qiraat would be deducted, then the
punishment was increased after that, so he said that two qiraats would
be deducted in order to put people off from keeping dogs even more.
The qiraat is an amount that is known to Allaah, may He be exalted,
and what is meant is that some of the reward for a person's good deeds
will be deducted.
SeeSharh Muslimby al-Nawawi, 10/342;Fath al-Baari, 5/9
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen said inSharh Riyaadh al-Saaliheen, 4/241:
With regard to keeping dogs, this is haraam and is in fact a major
sin, because the one who keeps a dog, except those for which an
exception has been made, will have two qiraats deducted from his
reward every day.
It is by the wisdom of Allaah that like calls to like and evil calls
to evil. It is said that the kaafirs, Jews, Christians and communists
in the east and the west all keep dogs, Allaah forbid. Each one takes
his dog with him and cleans it every day with soap and other cleansing
agents. But even if he were to clean it with the water of all the seas
in the world and all the soap in the world, it would never become
pure! Because its impurity is inherent, and inherent impurity cannot
be cleansed except by destroying it and erasing it altogether.
But this is by the wisdom of Allaah, and the wisdom of Allaah is that
like calls to like and evil calls to Shaytaan because this kufr of
theirs is by the inspiration of the Shaytaan and the command of the
Shaytaan, for the Shaytaan enjoins evil, immorality, kufr and
misguidance. So they are slaves to the Shaytaan and to their whims and
desires, and they are also evil and love vile things. We ask Allaah to
guide us and them. End quote.
Secondly:
Is it permissible to keep dogs to guard houses?
Answer:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made only
three exceptions to the prohibition on keeping dogs: hunting, guarding
livestock and guarding crops.
Some scholars are of the view that it is not permissible to keep a dog
for any reason other than these three. Others are of the view that it
is permissible to draw analogies between these three and similar or
more likely cases, such as guarding houses, because if it is
permissible to keep dogs to guard livestock and crops, it is more
appropriate that it should be permissible to keep dogs to guard
houses.
Al-Nawawi said inSharh Muslim(10/340):
Is it permissible to keep a dog to guard houses, alleys and the like?
There are two points of view. The first is that it is not permissible,
because of the apparent meaning of the ahaadeeth, which clearly state
that keeping dogs is forbidden except for farming, hunting and
herding. The more correct view is that it is permissible, by analogy
with those three cases, knowing that the reason that is understood
from the ahaadeeth is necessity. End quote.
The view that was classed as saheeh by al-Nawawi (may Allaah have
mercy on him), that keeping a dog to guard the house is permissible,
was also classed as saheeh by Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have
mercy on him) inSharh Saheeh Muslim. He said:
The correct view is that it is permissible to keep a dog to guard the
house, because if it is permissible to keep a dog in order to benefit
from it, as in the case of hunting, it is more appropriate that one be
allowed to keep a dog in order to ward off harm and protect oneself.
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