How far is Islam original, if compared with Judaism and Christianity
in particular?
The Holy Quran emphasises that monotheism, the Islamic fundamental
belief, is in essence the same one as in Judaism and Christianity. In
the Quran, Allaah Says )what means(:"Not an apostle did we send before
you without this inspiration sent by us to him: that there is no god
but I; therefore worship and serve me"]Quran: 21:25[
He also Says )what means(:"Say, 'O People of the Scripture! Do you
resent us except ]for the fact[ that we have believe in Allaah and
what was revealed to us and what was revealed before and because most
of you are defiantly disobedient?'"]Quran: 5:59[.
Muslims, therefore, believe in the soundness of the belief of the
older heavenly religions contained in the Old Testament and the Bible
which were originally revealed to Moosaa )Moses( and to 'Eesaa
)Jesus(, may Allaah exalt their mention, not the interpolations made
by their followers through centuries. In the Holy Quran Allaah Says
)what means(:"So woe to those who write the 'scripture' with their own
hands, then say: 'This is from Allaah,' in order to change it for a
small price! Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to
them for what they earn"]Quran: 2:79[.
So severely does the Holy Quran condemn those forgers of lies against
God that all Muslim scholars deny the existence of any sound, revealed
books other than the Holy Quran, while the modern in the west have
acknowledged all types of interpolation.
In addition, according to the Holy Quran there is among the Jews a
section:"...who alter the Scripture with their tongues so you may think
it is from the Scripture, but it is not from the Scripture. And they
say, "This is from Allaah," but it is not from Allaah. And they speak
untruth about Allaah while they know."]Quran: 3:78[.And: "Among the
Jews are those who distort words from their )proper( places )i.e.
usages( and say, 'We hear and disobey,' and 'Hear but be not heard,'
and 'Raa'ina,' )i.e. 'give us time to hear you and listen to us'(
twisting their tongues and defaming the religion..."]Quran: 4:46[
So if Islamic belief is the same one as that of Moosaa, may Allaah
exalt his mention, it is not at all the belief which had been
interpolated in the Old Testament.
Concerning Christianity, the situation is similar. The New Testment
was written down a long time after Jesus had been raised to the
heavens. His followers were being persecuted during this time. Also,
many books were written as bibles besides the one which was officially
selected and adopted near the beginning of the fourth century )A.D(.
The creed was, on subjective, converted into a trinity contrary to
monotheism. The Christians had driven Christianity out of existence so
that, when Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam )may Allaah
exalt his mention( was sent, he found nothing but shameful paganism in
the hands of the Arab Christians.
Among the pagan Arabs, the religion of God was not luckier than among
the Jews and Christians. Therefore, at the advent of Islam the laws of
God they had heard were either alternated or abrogated; some of those
were unknown, others were neglected.
What was the situation of Islam towards those legacies?
Islam refused all that was wrong, adopted all that was right,
completed all that was defective and purified all that was diluted,
whether in beliefs or in law, or in ethics:
)One(Islam rejected polytheism, incarnation, and assured pure
monotheism )the oneness of God(.
)Two(It also rejected the silly principle that was adopted by the
Greeks, Romans, and Jews, which made animals responsible before courts
of law. Islam based legal and moral responsibility on reason.
)Three(In legislation and ethics, Islam put an end to narrow-minded
racism and adopted a legal system which prohibits all discrimination
on racial, colour, or ethical grounds. Racism had been lawful at that
time among the Arabs, Jews, and Christians at least in the first
century )A.D(. This Islamic moral and legal system caused a revolution
in both ethics and law.
)Four(In the sphere of law, Islam confirmed the principle of wergild
)blood money( for both injury and murder, which was applied by the
Arabs before Islam, but was unknown in the Old Testament. In Mosaic
law, there was only retribution of forgiveness.
)Five(In the sphere of law, too, Islam did not confirm slavery as a
penalty upon theft, while it had been legal in the earlier systems of
law. Thus, Islam closed a wide grate in the face of slavery and made
man jump towards his liberation.
)Six(Islam set up the doctrine of individual responsibility to put an
end to collective responsibility that was in effect among the Arabs.
Thus, Islam inflamed a greater revolution than that caused by the
rejection of racism and by establishing equality of all races,
regardless of colour and ethnic differences.
To confirm the principle of individual responsibility, Islam rejected
the doctrine of the original sin, in Christianity, and considered all
people innocent till they attain the age of maturity and start to err.
Islam also set up the principle:"That no bearer of burdens will bear
the burden of another; And that there is not for man except that
]good[ for which he strives; And that his effort is going to be seen -
Then he will be recompensed for it a full recompense"]Quran:
53:38-39[.
This principle alone is sufficient for producing a chain of
differences between the Islamic and Christian Ethics; the first and
most original principle, therefore, is to reject the injustice of
collective responsibility and original sin.
Thus, there have been several kinds of specific differences that
characterise God's sound religion from what was abrogated or
alternated. With such original principles, Islam completed the legal
and moral systems that had been known before its advent. This is why
Muslim scholars have decided that the laws in previous heavenly
religions are not ours, unless Islam prescribes them.*
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