Dought & clear, - (Usool al-Fiqh), - Is there any difference between Sunnah, mustahabb and nafil?

What is the difference between Sunnah and Nafel? and Sunnah and Musthab?
Praise be to Allaah.
The majority of scholars of Usool al-Fiqh say that there is no difference between Sunnah, mustahabb, tatawwu’ (voluntary actions) and nafil. But the Hanafis say something different. They regard mandoob (recommended) as being of the same status as nafil, and they differentiate between Sunnah and nafil, regarding Sunnah as being higher in status.

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For children, - Bismillah (In the Name of Allah): Meaning of Bismillah, Power and Worth of Bismillah

Bismillah (In the Name of Allah) is the start of all good things, so we shall start with it. This blessed phrase is a mark of Islam, one constantly recited by all creatures through their tongues of disposition. If you want to perceive its inexhaustible source of strength and blessing, consider the following allegory:
Travelers in Arabian deserts must travel under a tribal chief's name and protection, or else they will be bothered by bandits and unable to acquire what they need for the journey. Two people, one humble and the other arrogant, set out on a journey. The humble one obtained the name of a tribal chief; the arrogant one did not. The former traveled everywhere in safety. Whenever he met a bandit, he said: "I'm traveling in the name of this chief," and so was left alone. He was treated with respect in every tent he entered. In contrast, the arrogant one suffered disaster and constant fear, for he had to struggle and beg for every need. He became base and vile.
O arrogant soul! You are that traveler, and this world is the desert. Your weakness and poverty are endless, and the enemies and privations to which you are exposed are beyond number. Given this, invoke the name of the Eternal Owner and the Everlasting Ruler of this world, for only this can deliver you from such begging and fear.
Bismillah (In the Name of Allah) is a blessed treasure. It transforms your boundless weakness and poverty, by binding you to the Omnipotent and Merciful One's infinite Power and Mercy, into the most heeded intercessor at His Exalted Court. When you say Bismillah, you act in His name. You are like a soldier acting in the state's name, fearing no one, doing all things in the name of the law and the state, and persisting against all odds.

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Marital Life, - A Hidden Treasure: An Insightful and Bashful Wife

Ibn Mas'ood, may Allaah be pleased with him, said,"The most insightful
of people were three persons: the companion of Yoosuf )Joseph(, may
Allaah exalt his mention, when he said to his wife:}Make his residence
comfortable.{]Quran 12:21[;the wife of Moosa )Moses(, may Allaah exalt
his mention, when she said:}O my father, hire him.{]Quran 28:26[;and
Abu Bakr, may Allaah be pleased with him, when he assigned 'Umar, may
Allaah be pleased with him, as his successor."
What made Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, move from Egypt to
Madyan in the south of Palestine to marry the daughter of the
righteous man and to look after his sheep for ten years?
Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, lived in Egypt, and one day while
he was walking down a street, he saw two men fighting each other --
one of them was from his own people, namely the Children of Israel;
and the other belonged to the family of Pharaoh. The Egyptian man
wanted to force the Israeli man to do some work for him. As the latter
sought help from Moosa, he )Moosa(, may Allaah exalt his mention,
pushed the Egyptian man who died on the spot. Allaah The Almighty Says
)what means(:}And he entered the city at a time of inattention by its
people and found therein two men fighting: one from his faction and
one from among his enemy. And the one from his faction called for help
to him against the one from his enemy, so Moosa )Moses( struck him and
]unintentionally[ killed him. ]Moses[ said, "This is from the work of
Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest, misleading enemy."{]Quran 28:15[
On the following day, the Israeli man quarreled with another man and
sought help from Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, once again, who
said to him,"Indeed, you are a persistent deviator."Therefore, the man
from Bani Israa'eel feared him and disclosed the secret by saying,"Do
you intend to kill me as you killed a man yesterday?"Thus, Pharaoh and
his soldiers knew that it was Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, who
had killed the Egyptian man. However, a man came from the farthest end
of the city and warned Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, who left
Egypt immediately and invoked forgiveness from Allaah The Almighty,
saying,}"My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me," and He
forgave him. Indeed, He is The Forgiving, The Merciful.{]Quran 28:16[
Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, left Egypt and moved from one
place to another until he arrived at Madyan in the south of Palestine.
He sat next to a well and saw something that did not appeal to him.
While the shepherds were busy watering their cattle from the well, two
women stood nearby and were prevented from approaching the well with
their sheep, since they were too shy to join the throng of men. Moosa,
may Allaah exalt his mention, was impressed by the scene, for he
thought that the two women should have been allowed to water their
sheep first, given access and helped by the men.
Hence, he went over to the spot and asked them what the matter was,
and they told him that they could not water their sheep until the men
had finished watering their cattle first. They said their father was
so old that he could not water the sheep himself. With the chivalry
that is expected on the part of righteous men, Moosa, may Allaah exalt
his mention, stepped forward and joined the crowd of shepherds to
water the women's sheep for them. Then he moved to seek shelter under
a shady tree and privately addressed his Lord,}"My Lord, indeed I am,
for whatever good You would send down to me, in need."{]Quran 28:24[
The two young women returned to their father, who was amazed at their
speedy return, since they used to stay for a long time to water their
sheep. When he asked them how they had come back so quickly, they told
him the story of the strong man who had watered the sheep for them and
did them that favor without knowing who they were or charging them a
wage for his service; doing so out of chivalry and graciousness.
The father asked one of his daughters to summon that man. Hence, one
of them went to him, walking shyly, to convey to him the invitation of
her father,}Indeed, my father invites you that he may reward you for
having watered for us.{]Quran 28:25[Moosa, may Allaah exalt his
mention, accepted the invitation and when he reached the old man and
narrated his story to him, the old man reassured him by saying,}Fear
not. You have escaped from the wrongdoing people.{]Quran 28:25[
At which time, one of the two young women, driven by her good insight
and sound disposition, proposed to her father something that was
useful for them and for Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, by
saying,}O my father, hire him. Indeed, the best one you can hire is
the strong and the trustworthy.{]Quran 28:26[She and her sister had to
do a tiresome job grazing the sheep, and they sought concealment by
avoiding strange men in pastures and over the well, for women who have
chaste souls are not pleased with gathering with men. Also, Moosa, may
Allaah exalt his mention, was powerful and honest enough to be
qualified to undertake the task. The young woman offered her point of
view with full clarity, fearing nothing, for she was innocent in the
spirit and delicate in her senses.
The old man was convinced of the reasons that his daughter provided
regarding the suitability of Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, to
work for them and to become related to the man through marriage, so he
said to him,}"Indeed, I wish to wed you one of these, my two
daughters, on ]the condition[ that you serve me for eight years; but
if you complete ten, it will be ]as a favor[ from you. And I do not
wish to put you in difficulty. You will find me, if Allaah wills, from
among the righteous." Moosa ]Moses[ said, "That is ]established[
between me and you. Whichever of the two terms I complete, there is no
injustice to me, and Allaah, over what we say, is witness."{]Quran
28:27-28[
When Moosa, may Allaah exalt his mention, fulfilled the term by having
worked ten years for his father-in-law, he wanted to leave to Egypt,
and the old man agreed to that and wished him the best. Hence, he left
with his wife and took with him the sheep that the old man gave him,
and walked from Madyan to Egypt.
Thus, Moosa's wife, may Allaah be pleased with her, was a good example
of a believer who was insightful and bashful and a role model in
choosing an honest and chaste husband.

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Islamic Articles, - Difference between the exalted titles

There are many authenticated prophetic quotations that speak of our Prophet's (Peace and Blessings of Allah be Upon Him) selection over and above all of the creation of Allah as being "The beloved of Allah" and Muslims often refer to him by this title.
There is a difference between the exalted titles of "close friend" and "beloved" and these will be explained.
The Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, spoke of his closeness to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with Him) saying, "If I were to have taken a close friend other than my Lord, I would have taken Abu Bakr."
We are also informed that the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, said "Your companion (referring to himself) is the close friend of Allah" and this is endorsed by the transmission from Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud (May Allah be pleased with Him) in his narration, "Allah took your companion as a close friend."
Several of the Companions had gathered and waited for the arrival of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and during this time they spoke to one another about the ranks of the prophets. Ibn Abbas' (May Allah be pleased with Him) reported that when the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, came out he overheard their conversation, one of whom was saying, "How astounding, Allah took Ibrahim Alaihis Salam from His creation as His close friend," Another said, "It is even more astounding that He spoke directly to Moosa Alaihis Salam!" Whereupon another said, "Eisa Alaihis Salam is the word of Allah and His created spirit." And another said, "Allah chose Adam Alaihis Salam!" Having heard their comments, the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, greeted them and told them that he had heard what they were saying and noticed that they were astounded that Allah had chosen Ibrahim Alaihis Salam as a close friend, and confirmed that this was so. He said, "You also expressed your amazement that Allah took Moosa Alaihis Salam as a close friend, and this too is so. You also spoke of Eisa Alaihis Salam as being the created spirit of Allah, and this is so, and that Adam Alaihis Salam was chosen and this is so. I am the beloved of Allah, and I am not boasting. I will be the Bearer of the Banner of Praise on the Day of Resurrection, and this is not a boast. I will be the first to intercede and the first whose intercession is accepted, and this is not a boast. I will be the first to knock at the Gate of the Garden and Allah will cause it to be opened for me and let me enter together with the poor believers, and this is not a boast. From the first to the last I am the most honored or all, and this is not a boast."
In addition to the preceding Prophetic quotation, Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (May Allah be pleased with Him) reported that Allah said to His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, "I have taken you for a close friend, and written in the Torah is 'the Beloved of the Merciful.'"
There are differences in opinion regarding the terminology "close friend" and the root word from which it is derived. There are those who say the Arabic word "khalil", meaning 'close friend', also bears the definition of "devoted to Allah." This is because people who attain such a rank of devotion or love of Allah are not detached from one another. Another opinion is that the word "khalil" can be taken as meaning "chosen", and that Allah selected this word in preference to others. It has also been said that the root of the word is derived from "taking a matter to be pure".
Prophet Ibrahim Alaihis Salam was called the close friend of Allah "Khalilullah" on account of the ultimate intensity of his devotion to Allah. The friendship of Allah to Ibrahim was that He made him victorious and a role model. On the other hand, there are those who define the root of "khalil", which is "khulla" meaning "in need" as being "a poor person in need". Ibrahim Alaihis Salam was known by this title because his need was only in his Lord and he was devotedly dependent upon Him for his needs and did not depend upon others. We recall how when Ibrahim was about to be cast into the fire, Gabriel Alaihis Salam came to him and asked, "Are you in need of anything?" whereupon he replied, "No, I am not in need of anything from you."
Ibn Abu Bakr Furack (May Allah be pleased with Him) defined the word "khulla" with the meaning of "pure love that necessitates a person being singled out for being infused by secrets."
It has also been said that the root of the word "khulla" is love, and incorporates kindness, help, raising and intercession. This is founded in the verse that reads, "The Jews and the Christians said, “We are the sons of Allah and His beloved ones”; say, “Why does He then punish you for your sins?' [5:18]. It is inconceivable that if a person is beloved, that he should be punished for his sins!
The Prophet-hood has perspectives between people and the prophet, whereas the friendship has a perspective between Allah and Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, which makes it very special.
Because of their devotion to Allah, both Prophets Ibrahim and Muhammad, peace be upon them, were titled "close friends." They looked to Him for all their needs and severed themselves from needing anyone else. And, it was either because of the greatness of the concealed kindness of Allah to them, and the disclosed knowledge of the Divine secrets they received, as well as the matters of the Unseen worlds and faith with which they were infused in their inner self that they forsook other means and causes. Or, because their hearts had been purified from anything other than Him, so that love for anything else was prevented from reaching them. For this reason a scholar said, "A person who is 'khalil' is one whose heart has no room for anyone other than Him." Accordingly he is of the opinion that this is what the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, referred to when he said, "If I were to have taken a close friend other than my Lord, I would have taken Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with Him, however, in Islam there is brotherhood."
Opinions vary among the knowledgeable masters of the matters relating to the heart as to which is the higher degree and the question arises is it the degree of close friendship, or the degree of love the higher? On the other hand there are those who consider both degrees as being equal to one another saying that the beloved is a close friend and a close friend is also the beloved. But then, Prophet Ibrahim was given the degree of close friendship and Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon them both, was given love.
In support of the opinion that the degree of friendship is higher, one of the scholars quotes the saying of the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, that says, "If I were to have taken a close friend other than my Lord …" but he did not do so and we find him using the word 'love' to his daughter Sayyida Fatima, her sons, as well as Osama and others.
The consensus of most scholars is that "love" is higher than "friendship". To sustain this opinion they use as their proof that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, was given the title of the "Beloved" whereas Prophet Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was titled "Close Friend" .
One must examine the human basis of love and know that it is the inclination of what the beloved finds pleasing. The love of Allah is not connected to unessential matters. His love for His worshipers is comprised of happiness, protection, success, and affairs that bring him/her closer and His Mercy that overflows upon the recipient. The highest degree is reached when the veils of the heart are removed so that the worshiper sees Him with his heart and looks at Him with his inner eye. This is supported by the Divine quotation that tells us, "When I (Allah) love him I am his hearing by which he hears, the sight by which he sees, and his tongue by which he speaks." One should understand by this that there is nothing better for a worshiper other than seclusion for the sake of Allah, devotion to Him, the turning away from anything other than Allah, the purity of heart and sincerity of actions for the sake of Allah.
Sayyida Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, was asked about the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, and said, "His character was the Qur’an, and his pleasure was its pleasure and his anger was its anger."
It is an undoubted fact that Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, was blessed to be the receiver of not only the quality of close friendship but also the very special quality of love.
When the unbelievers said, "Muhammad means we should love him just as the Christians love Jesus, the son of Mary", Allah sent down the verse that reads "Proclaim, (O dear Prophet Mohammed - peace and blessings be upon him), “O mankind! If you love Allah, follow me - Allah will love you and forgive you your sins”; and Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful." [3:31]. And His anger towards them becomes apparent in the following verse that tells us, "Proclaim, “Obey Allah and the Noble Messenger”; so if they turn away - then Allah is not pleased with the disbelievers." [3:32]. In this verse Allah increased the honor the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him. Note how He issued the command to obey His Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, in connection with obedience to Himself – this is followed by the warning if they choose to turn away, "then truly, Allah does not love the unbelievers."
A theologian explained the difference between love and close friendship. He said that the close friend reaches Allah through an intermediary. To support his explanation he quoted the verses "And likewise We showed Ibrahim the entire kingdom of the heavens and the earth and so that he be of those who believe as eyewitnesses." [6:75] whereas He indicated that the beloved, Prophet Muhammad, reaches Him by Him in the verse "So the distance between the Spectacle and the beloved was only two arms’ length, or even less." [53:9].
It has also been said that the limit of the close friend is the desire for forgiveness. Allah quotes the saying of Ibrahim, "And the One Who, upon Whom I pin my hopes, will forgive me my mistakes on the Day of Judgement." [26:82]. Whereas the one who is the beloved is absolutely certain that he will be forgiven, and this is supported in the verse that reads, "So that Allah may forgive, for your sake, the sins of those before you and those after you, and complete His favours upon you, and to show you the Straight Path. " [48:2].
We refer back to Prophet Ibrahim whose rank is that of the close friend and the verse in which he said, "And the One Who, upon Whom I pin my hopes, will forgive me my mistakes on the Day of Judgement." [26:82] and now to the verse "on the day when Allah will not humble the Prophet and the believers along with him; their light will be running ahead of them and on their right;" [66:8].
The "close friend" Ibrahim said, "And give me proper fame among the succeeding generations." [26:84]. Whereas Prophet Muhammad, "the beloved", was told, in the verse "And We have exalted your remembrance for you (O dear Prophet Mohammed - peace and blessings be upon him)." [94:4]. Note how the glad tiding was given to the Prophet, praise and peace be upon him, before the questioning.
In times of affliction note how the close friend says, "Allah is sufficient for us" [3:173]. Whereas it was said to Prophet Muhammad, the Beloved, praise and peace be upon him, "O Herald of the Hidden! Allah is Sufficient for you and for all these Muslims who follow you." [8:64]
And Ibrahim, the close friend of Allah is quoted in the Qur’an saying, "And give me proper fame among the succeeding generations." [26:84], while Allah said to Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, "And indeed the latter is better for you than the former." [93:4]
Khalil said: "and safeguard me and my sons from worshiping idols." [14:35] while Allah said to HIS Habib. "Allah only wills to remove all impurity from you, O the People of the Household, and by cleansing you make you utterly pure. (*The Holy Prophet’s household.)" [33:33]
The preceding information is sufficient to give one a glimpse into the superiority of the rank, degrees and status of Prophet Muhammad, praise and peace be upon him, and to the inform you of the opinions of the scholars of Islam. Allah says, "Proclaim, Each one works according to his own pattern; and your Lord well knows him who is more upon guidance." [17:84]

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